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Merkabah mysticism
:''For the modern Israeli main battle tank see Merkava''
Merkabah/Merkavah mysticism (or Chariot mysticism) is a school of early Jewish mysticism, c. 100 BCE – 1000 CE, centered on visions such as those found in the Book of Ezekiel chapter , or in the ''hekhalot'' ("palaces") literature, concerning stories of ascents to the heavenly palaces and the Throne of God. The main corpus of the Merkabah literature was composed in Israel in the period 200–700 CE, although later references to the Chariot tradition can also be found in the literature of the ''Chassidei Ashkenaz'' in the Middle Ages.〔From Apocalypticism to Merkabah Mysticism: Studies in the Slavonic ... – Page 224, Andrei A. Orlov (2007). "However, as Gruenwald notes, the main corpus of the Merkabah literature was composed in Israel in the period 200–700CE. Some references to this tradition can be found also in the literature of German Hasidim (twelfth to thirteenth "〕 A major text in this tradition is the ''Maaseh Merkabah'' (''Works of the Chariot'').〔Neusner on Judaism: Literature – Page 74, Jacob Neusner (2005). "When Eleazar finished the Works of the Chariot, Yohanan stood and kissed him on his head and said, Blessed is the Lord, God of Abraham. Jacob who gave to Abraham a son wise and knowing how to expound the glory of our father in heaven."〕
==Etymology==
The noun ''merkabah'' "thing to ride in, cart" is derived from the consonantal root ' with the general meaning "to ride". The word "chariot" is found 44 times in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible – most of them referring to normal chariots on earth, and although the concept of the Merkabah is associated with Ezekiel's vision ((1:4–26 )), the word is not explicitly written in Ezekiel 1.〔 (JPS Hebrew/English)〕
However, when left untranslated, in English the Hebrew term ''merkabah'' (Hebrew: , , and ) relates to the throne-chariot of God in prophetic visions. It is most closely associated with the vision in Ezekiel chapter 1 of the four-wheeled vehicle driven by four ''hayyot'' ("living creatures"), each of which has four wings〔Six wings in Isaiah's and John's visions ( and )〕 and the four faces of a man, lion, ox, and eagle (or vulture).
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